Background: Significant Caries Index (SiC) has been introduced by WHO for evaluation of caries status in different societies and assesses one third of individuals who have the highest score of DMFT/dmft. The aim of this study was to determine Significant Caries Index and dmft in 6-year-old children in Kerman.Methods: This cross- sectional study was carried out on 300 children aged 6 years old that had been selected by multistage sampling in Kerman, Iran. Data were collected through a questionnaire (parents’ educational level, parents’ occupation, birth rank, number of children in family, tooth brushing frequency, use of fluoride mouthwash and dental visits frequency).Teeth were examined by dental mirror and according to WHO criteria for determining dmft.Data were analyzed in SPSS19 by using t-test and X2 test.Results: Mean dmft index was 4.63±2.41 and mean SiC was 7.34±1.34. SiC was higher in boys, but without aSignificant difference. dmft showed Significant difference with fathers’educational level (P=0.028), frequency of tooth brushing (P=0.004) and using fluoride mouthwash (P=0.001). There was a Significant relationship between SiC index and using fluoride mouthwash (P=0.014) and dental visits) P=0.041).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, dmft and SiC indices of 6-year old children in Kerman are high.

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common infectious and transmissible disease of the teeth. Significant Caries Index is one of the indices defined by WHO to identify individuals who have the highest DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth). The aim of this study was to evaluate DMFT index and Significant Caries Index in 12-year-old male students in Sirjan.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study seven hundred 12-year-old students from Sirjan, selected by systematic cluster-randomized sampling, were evaluated. Data were collected by examination and a questionnaire. The teeth were examined with a blunt-tip dental explorer, a dental mirror and illumination by torchlight. The questionnaire consisted of questions on parents’ educational level, birth rank of the student, number of children in family, tooth brushing frequency, fluoride use and dental visit status. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 using t-test and one-way ANOVA (a=0.05).Results: The mean of DMFT and SiC indices were 3.56±2.34 and 6.04±1.32, respectively. There were Significant relationships between DMFT index and the number of children in the family (p value=0.016), birth rank (p value=0.042), tooth brushing frequency (p value=0.000) and fluoride use (p value=0.042). However, there were no Significant relationships between DMFT index and parent’s educational level (p value=0.047) and dental visits (p value=0.198).Conclusion: The means of DMFT and SiC indices in 12-year-old students in Sirjan were higher than standards defined by WHO. Furthermore, the number of children in the family, birth rank, tooth brushing frequency and fluoride use had Significant effects on dental caries in students.

Audit fee is sensitive to the condition that increase audit risk. Earnings Autocorrelation and earnings volatility are the important earnings characteristics that affect audit risk. These characteristics may constitute important elements of inherent risk for the auditor, but the associations and directions are ambiguous. In response to greater inherent risk, auditors should conduct more extensive substantive testing to reduce the overall risk associated with the audit. The current study investigate the effect of these earnings characteristics on audit fee from the lenses of different theories. For this purpose, the data of 93 publicly-held companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, during the time interval of 1388-1394 are examined. The results of hypothesis indicate that there is a negative (positive) and Significant relationship between Earnings Autocorrelation (volatility) and audit fees. In other words, for higher earnings volatility, audit firms charge more audit fees to its client. And against what was expected, auditor industry specialization has no Significant moderating effect on these relations.

Maroon River is a valuable aquatic ecosystem in Iran. The purpose of this research was to investigate the lasting impacts of the Maroon dam on river water quality (RWQ), particularly downstream, and determine those factors affecting the optimal management of the RWQ. The modified Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator tests were employed to investigate the variation trend of qualitative parameters. Then, multivariate statistical analyses, including correlation assessment, cluster analysis, T-test, and factor analysis of spatiotemporal pattern, are applied to recognize factors affecting the effects of dam construction. Results showed that the total hardness and the calcium, chlorine, and sulfate concentrations Significantly increased in downstream at a level of 5% confidence. The cluster analysis indicated that dam construction probably did not affect the upstream; however, the increased dissolution rates of calcium and sulfates downstream illustrated the presence of the Gachsaran formation in the river path and the dissolution of rock gypsum in the water. The factor analysis determined three and two main components before and after dam construction with 84.8% and 71.6% variances, respectively. These components and the correlation between chloride-sodium and calcium-sulfate ions could show the Sodium Chloride  dissolution and the effects of the dissolution of gypsum mid-layers from the Gachsaran formation after the dam construction. The strong relationship between the magnesium and chlorine contents in the Cham Nezam station might result from the salt/detergent-contained household and urban wastes entering the river. According to the results of various tests, the dam has changed the quality of the river downstream. Still, Wilcox and Schoeller's indices demonstrated that dam construction did not Significantly affect the RWQ used for drinking and agriculture.

The classical method of process capability analysis necessarily assumes that collected data are independent, nonetheless, some processes such as biological and chemical processes are autocorrelated and violate the independency assumption. Many processes exhibit a certain degree of correlation and can be treated by autoregressive models, among which the autoregressive model of order one (AR (1)) is the most frequently used one. In this paper, we discuss the effect of Autocorrelation on the process capability analysis when a set of observations are produced by an autoregressive model of order one. We employ a multivariate regression model to modify the process capability estimated from the classical method, where the AR (1) parameters are utilized as regression explanatory variables. Finally, the performance of the presented method is investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation.

The classical method of process capability analysis necessarily assumes that collected data are independent; nonetheless, some processes such as biological and chemical processes are auto-correlated and violate the independency assumption. Many processes exhibit a certain degree of correlation and can be treated by autoregressive models among which the autoregressive model of order one (AR (1)) is the most commonly used one. In this paper, we discuss the effect of Autocorrelation on the process capability analysis when a set of observations are produced by an autoregressive model of order one. We employ the multivariate regression model to modify the process capability estimated from the classical method where AR (1) parameters are utilized as regression explanatory variables. Finally, the performance of the method developed in this paper is investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation.